GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ——附加英文版
The National People's Congress
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's
Congress, promulgated by Order No. 37 of the President of the People's
Republic of China on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987)
Contents
Chapter I Basic Principles
Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)
Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil
Conduct
Section 2 Guardianship
Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death
Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm
Households
Section 5 Individual Partnership
Chapter III Legal Persons
Section 1 General Stipulations
Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person
Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social
Organization as Legal Persons
Section 4 Economic Association
Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
Section 2 Agency
Chapter V Civil Rights
Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights
Section 2 Creditors' Rights
Section 3 Intellectual Property Rights
Section 4 Personal Rights
Chapter VI Civil Liability
Section 1 General Stipulations
Section 2 Civil Liability for Breach of Contract
Section 3 Civil Liability for Infringement of Rights
Section 4 Methods of Bearing Civil Liability
Chapter VII Limitation of Action
Chapter VIII Application of Law in Civil Relations with Foreigners
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I Basic Principles
Article 1
This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actual
situation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil
activities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and
interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil
relations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist
modernization.
Article 2
The Civil Law of the People's Republic of China shall adjust property
relationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equal
status, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and between
citizens and legal persons.
Article 3
Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status.
Article 4
In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making
compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed.
Article 5
The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall
be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them.
Article 6
Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are no
relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with state
policies.
Article 7
Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall not harm
the public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt social
economic order.
Article 8
The law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil activities
within the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by
law.
The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreigners
and stateless persons within the People's Republic of China, except as
otherwise stipulated by law.
Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)
Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct.
Article 9
A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death and
shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations in accordance with
the law.
Article 10
All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights.
Article 11
A citizen aged 18 or over shall be an adult. He shall have full capacity
for civil conduct, may independently engage in civil activities and shall
be called a person with full capacity for civil conduct.
A citizen who has reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 and whose
main source of income is his own labour shall be regarded as a person with
full capacity for civil conduct.
Article 12
A minor aged 10 or over shall be a person with limited capacity for civil
conduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his age and
intellect; in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agent
ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem.
A minor under the age of 10 shall be a person having no capacity for civil
conduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent ad
litem.
Article 13
A mentally ill person who is unable to account for his own conduct shall
be a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented
in civil activities by his agent ad litem.
A mentally ill person who is unable to fully account for his own conduct
shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage
in civil activities appropriate to his mental health; in other civil
activities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate
with the consent of his agent ad litem.
Article 14
The guardian of a person without or with limited capacity for civil
conduct shall be his agent ad litem.
Article 15
The domicile of a citizen shall be the place where his residence is
registered; if his habitual residence is not the same as his domicile, his
habitual residence shall be regarded as his domicile.
Section 2 Guardianship
Article 16
The parents of a minor shall be his guardians.
If the parents of a minor are dead or lack the competence to be his
guardian, a person from the following categories who has the competence to
be a guardian shall act as his guardian:
(1) paternal or maternal grandparent;
(2) elder brother or sister; or
(3) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the
responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the units of the
minor's parents or from the neighbourhood or village committee in the
place of the minor's residence. In case of a dispute over guardianship,
the units of the minor's parents or the neighbourhood or village committee
in the place of his residence shall appoint a guardian from among the
minor's near relatives. If disagreement over the appointment leads to a
lawsuit, the people's court shall make a ruling.
If none of the persons listed in the first two paragraphs of this article
is available to be the guardian, the units of the minor's parents, the
neighbourhood or village committee in the place of the minor's residence
or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.
Article 17
A person from the following categories shall act as guardian for a
mentally ill person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct:
(1) spouse;
(2) parent;
(3) adult child;
(4) any other near relative;
(5) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the
responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the unit to which
the mentally ill person belongs or from the neighbourhood or village
committee in the place of his residence. In case of a dispute over
guardianship, the unit to which the mentally ill person belongs or the
neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence shall
appoint a guardian from among his near relatives. If disagreement over the
appointment leads to a lawsuit, the people's court shall make a ruling.
If none of the persons listed in the first paragraph of this article is
available to be the guardian, the unit to which the mentally ill person
belongs, the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his
residence or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.
Article 18
A guardian shall fulfil his duty of guardianship and protect the person,
property and other lawful rights and interests of his ward. A guardian
shall not handle the property of his ward unless it is in the ward's
interests.
A guardian's rights to fulfil his guardianship in accordance with the law
shall be protected by law.
If a guardian does not fulfil his duties as guardian or infringes upon the
lawful rights and interests of his ward, he shall be held responsible; if
a guardian causes any property loss for his ward, he shall compensate for
such loss. The people's court may disqualify a guardian based on the
application of a concerned party or unit.
Article 19
A person who shares interests with a mental patient may apply to a
people's court for a declaration that the mental patient is a person
without or with limited capacity for civil conduct.
With the recovery of the health of a person who has been declared by a
people's court to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct,
and upon his own application or that of an interested person, the people's
court may declare him to be a person with limited or full capacity for
civil conduct.
Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death
Article 20
If a citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for two years, an interested
person may apply to a people's court for a declaration of the citizen as
missing.
If a person's whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of
the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the
final day of the war.
Article 21
A missing person's property shall be placed in the custody of his spouse,
parents, adult children or other closely connected relatives or friends.
In case of a dispute over custody, if the persons stipulated above are
unavailable or are incapable of taking such custody, the property shall be
placed in the custody of a person appointed by the people's court. Any
taxes, debts and other unpaid expenses owed by a missing person shall
defrayed by the custodian out of the missing person's property.
Article 22
In the event that a person who has been declared missing reappears or his
whereabouts are ascertained, the people's court shall, upon his own
application or that of an interested person, revoke the declaration of his
missing-person status.
Article 23
Under either of the following circumstances, an interested person may
apply to the people's court for a declaration of a citizen's death:
(1) if the citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for four years or
(2) if the citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for two years after the
date of an accident in which he was involved.
If a person's whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of
the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the
final day of the war.
Article 24
In the event that a person who has been declared dead reappears or it is
ascertained that he is alive, the people's court shall, upon his own
application or that of an interested person, revoke the declaration of his
death.
Any civil juristic acts performed by a person with capacity for civil
conduct during the period in which he has been declared dead shall be
valid.
Article 25
A person shall have the right to request the return of his property, if
the declaration of his death has been revoked. Any citizen or organization
that has obtained such property in accordance with the Law of Succession
shall return the original items or make appropriate compensation if the
original items no longer exist.
Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm Households
Article 26
"Individual businesses" refers to business run by individual citizens who
have been lawfully registered and approved to engage in industrial or
commercial operation within the sphere permitted by law. An individual
business may adopt a shop name.
Article 27
"Leaseholding farm households" refers to members of a rural collective
economic organization who engage in commodity production under a contract
and within the spheres permitted by law.
Article 28
The legitimate rights and interests of individual businesses and
leaseholding farm households shall be protected by law.
Article 29
The debts of an individual business or a leaseholding farm household shall
be secured with the individual's property if the business is operated by
an individual and with the family's property if the business is operated
by a family.
Section 5 Individual Partnership
Article 30
"Individual partnership" refers to two or more citizens associated in a
business and working together, with each providing funds, material
objects, techniques and so on according to an agreement.
Article 31
Partners shall make a written agreement covering the funds each is to
provide, the distribution of profits, the responsibility for debts, the
entering into and withdrawal from partnership, the ending of partnership
and other such matters.
Article 32
The property provided by the partners shall be under their unified
management and use. The property accumulated in a partnership operation
shall belong to all the partners.
Article 33
An individual partnership may adopt a shop name; it shall be approved and
registered in accordance with the law and conduct business operations
within the range as approved and registered.
Article 34
The operational activities of an individual partnership shall be decided
jointly by the partners, who each shall have the right to carry out and
supervise those activities. The partners may elect a responsible person.
All partners shall bear civil liability for the operational activities of
the responsible person and other personnel.
Article 35
A partnership's debts shall be secured with the partners' property in
proportion to their respective contributions to the investment or
according to the agreement made. Partners shall undertake joint liability
for their partnership's debts, except as otherwise stipulated by law. Any
partner who overpays his share of the partnership's debts shall have the
right to claim compensation from the other partners.
Chapter III Legal Persons
Section 1 General Stipulations
Article 36
A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights
and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and
assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law.
A legal person's capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct
shall begin when the legal person is established and shall end when the
legal person terminates.
Article 37
A legal person shall have the following qualifications:
(1) establishment in accordance with the law;
(2) possession of the necessary property or funds;
(3) possession of its own name, organization and premises; and
(4) ability to independently bear civil liability.
Article 38
In accordance with the law or the articles of association of the legal
person, the responsible person who acts on behalf of the legal person in
exercising its functions and powers shall be its legal representative.
Article 39
A legal person's domicile shall be the place where its main administrative
office is located.
Article 40
When a legal person terminates, it shall go into liquidation in accordance
with the law and discontinue all other activities.
Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person
Article 41
An enterprise owned by the whole people or under collective ownership
shall be qualified as a legal person when it has sufficient funds as
stipulated by the state; has articles of association, an organization and
premises; has the ability to independently bear civil liability; and has
been approved and registered by the competent authority. A Chinese-
foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or
foreign-capital enterprise established within the People's Republic of
China shall be qualified as a legal person in China if it has the
qualifications of a legal person and has been approved and registered by
the administrative agency for industry and commerce in according with the
law.
Article 42
An enterprise as legal person shall conduct operations within the range
approved and registered.
Article 43
An enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability for the
operational activities of its legal representatives and other personnel.
Article 44
If an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged or undergoes any
other important change, it shall register the change with the registration
authority and publicly announce it.
When an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged, its rights and
obligations shall be enjoyed and assumed by the new legal person that
results from the change.
Article 45
An enterprise as legal person shall terminate for any of the following
reasons:
(1) if it is dissolved by law;
(2) if it is disbanded;
(3) if it is declared bankrupt in accordance with the law; or
(4) for other reasons.
Article 46
When an enterprise as legal person terminates, it shall cancel its
registration with the registration authority and publicly announce the
termination.
Article 47
When an enterprise as legal person is disbanded, it shall establish a
liquidation organization and go into liquidation. When an enterprise as
legal person is dissolved or is declared bankrupt, the competent authority
or a people's court shall organize the organs and personnel concerned to
establish a liquidation organization to liquidate the enterprise.
Article 48
An enterprise owned by the whole people, as legal person, shall bear civil
liability with the property that the state authorizes it to manage. An
enterprise under collective ownership, as legal person, shall bear civil
liability with the property it owns. A Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or foreign-capital
enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability with the property it
owns, except as stipulated otherwise by law.
Article 49
Under any of the following circumstances, an enterprise as legal person
shall bear liability, its legal representative may additionally be given
administrative sanctions and fined and, if the offence constitutes a
crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with
the law:
(1) conducting illegal operations beyond the range approved and registered
by the registration authority;
(2) concealing facts from the registration and tax authorities and
practising fraud;
(3) secretly withdrawing funds or hiding property to evade repayment of
debts;
(4) disposing of property without authorization after the enterprise is
dissolved, disbanded or declared bankrupt;
(5) failing to apply for registration and make a public announcement
promptly when the enterprise undergoes a change or terminates, thus
causing interested persons to suffer heavy losses;
(6) engaging in other activities prohibited by law, damaging the interests
of the state or the public interest.
Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social Organization as Legal
Person
Article 50
An independently funded official organ shall be qualified as a legal
person on the day it is established.
If according to law an institution or social organization having the
qualifications of a legal person needs not go through the procedures for
registering as a legal person, it shall be qualified as a legal person on
the day it is established; if according to law it does need to go through
the registration procedures, it shall be qualified as a legal person after
being approved and registered.
Section 4 Economic Association
Article 51
If a new economic entity is formed by enterprises or an enterprise and an
institution that engage in economic association and it independently bears
civil liability and has the qualifications of a legal person, the new
entity shall be qualified as a legal person after being approved and
registered by the competent authority.
Article 52
If the enterprises or an enterprise and an institution that engage in
economic association conduct joint operation but do not have the
qualifications of a legal person, each party to the association shall, in
proportion to its respective contribution to the investment or according
to the agreement made, bear civil liability with the property each party
owns or manages. If joint liability is specified by law or by agreement,
the parties shall assume joint liability.
Article 53
If the contract for economic association of enterprises or of an
enterprise and an institution specifies that each party shall conduct
operations independently, it shall stipulate the rights and obligations of
each party, and each party shall bear civil liability separately.
Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
Article 54
A civil juristic act shall be the lawful act of a citizen or legal person
to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations.
Article 55
A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements:
(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;
(2) the intention expressed is genuine; and
(3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest.
Article 56
A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form. If the law
stipulates that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation shall be
observed.
Article 57
A civil juristic act shall be legally binding once it is instituted. The
actor shall not alter or rescind his act except in accordance with the law
or with the other party's consent.
Article 58
Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void:
(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct;
(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a
person with limited capacity for civil conduct;
(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of
cheating, coercion or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the
other party;
(4) those that performed through malicious collusion are detrimental to
the interest of the state, a collective or a third party;
(5) those that violate the law or the public interest;
(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory plans; and
(7) those that performed under the guise of legitimate acts conceal
illegitimate purposes. Civil acts that are null and void shall not be
legally binding from the very beginning.
Article 59
A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration
agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts:
(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents
of the acts;
(2) those that are obviously unfair.
Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning.
Article 60
If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity
of other parts.
Article 61
After a civil act has been determined to be null and void or has been
rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall
return it to the party who suffered a loss. The erring party shall
compensate the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the
act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share
of the responsibility.
If the two sides have conspired maliciously and performed a civil act that
is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third
party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned
over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party.
Article 62
A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional civil
juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.
Section 2 Agency
Article 63
Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents
An agent shall perform civil juristic acts in the principal's name within
the scope of the power of agency. The principal shall bear civil liability
for the agent's acts of agency. Civil juristic acts that should be
performed by the principal himself, pursuant to legal provisions or the
agreement between the two parties, shall not be entrusted to an agent.
Article 64
Agency shall include entrusted agency, statutory agency and appointed
agency. An entrusted agent shall exercise the power of agency as
entrusted by the principal; a statutory agent shall exercise the power of
agency as prescribed by law; and an appointed agent shall exercise the
power of agency as designated by a people's court or the appointing unit.
Article 65
A civil juristic act may be entrusted to an agent in writing or orally. If
legal provisions require the entrustment to be written, it shall be
effected in writing. Where the entrustment of agency is in writing, the
power of attorney shall clearly state the agent's name, the entrusted
tasks and the scope and duration of the power of agency, and it shall be
signed or sealed by the principal.
If the power of attorney is not clear as to the authority conferred, the
principal shall bear civil liability towards the third party, and the
agent shall be held jointly liable.
Article 66
The principal shall bear civil liability for an act performed by an actor
with no power of agency, beyond the scope of his power of agency or after
his power of agency has expired, only if he recognizes the act
retroactively. If the act is not so recognized, the performer shall bear
civil liability for it. If a principal is aware that a civil act is being
executed in his name but fails to repudiate it, his consent shall be
deemed to have been given.
An agent shall bear civil liability if he fails to perform his duties and
thus causes damage to the principal.
If an agent and a third party in collusion harm the principal's interests,
the agent and the third party shall be held jointly liable.
If a third party is aware that an actor has no power of agency, is
overstepping his power of agency, or his power of agency has expired and
yet joins him in a civil act and thus brings damage to other people, the
third party and the actor shall be held jointly liable.
Article 67
If an agent is aware that the matters entrusted are illegal but still
carries them out, or if a principal is aware that his agent's acts are
illegal but fails to object to them, the principal and the agent shall be
held jointly liable.
Article 68
If in the principal's interests an entrusted agent needs to transfer the
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国家科技计划项目管理暂行办法
科学技术部
国家科技计划项目管理暂行办法
科学技术部令第5号
（2000年10月27日科学技术部部务会议讨论通过，自发布之日起施行）
目录
第一章 总则
第二章 项目立项
第三章 项目实施管理
第四章 项目验收
第五章 专家咨询
第六章 附则
第一章 总则
第一条 为规范国家科技计划项目管理，提高科技计划项目管理的效率，保证科技计划项目管理的公开、公正和科学，制定本办法。
第二条 国家科技计划项目（以下称项目）是指在国家科技计划中实施安排，由单位或个人承担，并在一定时间周期内进行的科学技术研究开发活动。
第三条 国家科技计划项目管理实行依法管理、规范权限、明确职责、管理公开、精简高效的原则，并严格按《国家科技计划管理暂行规定》和相关各类国家科技计划管理办法中的有关规定组织实施。
第四条 本办法主要适用于以中央财政投入为主的各类国家科技计划的项目立项、实施管理、项目验收和专家咨询等项目管理工作。
第二章 项目立项
第五条 项目立项一般应包括申请、审批、签约三个基本程序。
第六条 科技部专项计划部门在启动项目申请工作前，应根据科技发展规划和战略，发布项目指南或优先领域，并依据计划的性质、宗旨和功能定位，明确申请项目的选择范围、领域、性质、规模、目标方向等，确定项目申报的时间、渠道、方式。
第七条 项目指南和优先领域已明确项目目标和任务，并符合招标投标条件的，应当依据《科技项目招标投标暂行管理办法》中的相关规定执行。
第八条 申请项目的申请者（包括单位或个人）应当符合以下基本条件：
（一）符合该计划对申请者的主体资格（包括法人性质、经济性质、国籍）等方面要求；
（二）在相关研究领域和专业应具有一定的学术地位和技术优势；
（三）具有为完成项目必备的人才条件和技术装备；
（四）具有与项目相关的研究经历和研究积累；
（五）具有完成项目所需的组织管理和协调能力；
（六）具有完成项目的良好信誉度。
第九条 申请项目应符合国家科技、经济和社会发展战略，符合国家产业政策和科技政策，符合国家科技发展规划、计划的总体部署和安排。
第十条 申请项目应提供以下三部分材料：
（一）项目申请表（由科技部统一印制）；
（二）项目建议书（由申请者按照科技部要求的内容框架编写）；
（三）项目建议书的附件（与项目建议书内容有关的证明材料、专家评议意见、相关单位的项目推荐意见）。
第十一条 项目建议书的内容和框架一般应包括：
（一）立项的背景和意义；
（二）国内外研究现状和发展趋势；
（三）现有研究基础、特色和优势；
（四）应用或产业化前景、科技发展或市场需求；
（五）研究内容与预期目标；
（六）研究方案、技术路线、组织方式与课题分解；
（七）年度计划内容；
（八）主要研究人员和单位简况及具备的条件；
（九）经费预算；
（十）有关上级单位或评估机构的意见。
除满足上述条件外，不同类型项目的建议书可有所侧重，或根据需要增加新的内容。
第十二条 项目申请，必须严格按各类国家科技计划管理办法规定的渠道、方式、时间执行。申请渠道可按行政隶属关系逐级汇总、审核；或由申请者经有关行业和地方科技行政管理部门推荐后直接申报，最终由科技部专项计划部门受理。
第十三条 经科技部专项计划部门或由其委托的有关机构对项目建议书进行讨论、咨询和审查后，符合条件并通过审查的项目，可以进入可行性论证或评估。
第十四条 科技部专项计划部门负责组织或委托有关机构进行项目可行性报告的论证或评估工作。
第十五条 可行性报告内容和框架一般应包括：
（一）项目的背景和意义；
（二）国内外研究开发现状和发展趋势（包括知识产权状况）；
（三）拟承担单位的技术优势和条件；
（四）项目目标、研究内容和关键技术；
（五）技术路线方案、课题分解；
（六）经费的预算；
（七）年度进度和目标；
（八）预期成果；
（九）项目负责人的技术水平和组织管理能力介绍；
（十）有关上级单位的意见。
第十六条 可行性论证或评估报告应对项目给出可行、不可行或需作复议的明确结论意见，并交科技部专项计划部门负责审核。对论证结论“需作复议”的项目，申请者应对有关内容进行必要的修改，然后将修改完善后的论证报告送科技部专项计划部门进行复审。
第十七条 对通过可行性论证审核的项目，科技部将以部发文的形式给予批复，并根据管理公开制度在相关范围或媒体向社会公众发布列入计划项目公告。
第十八条 对符合评估条件的项目，应当依据《科技评估管理暂行办法》中的相关规定执行。
第十九条 列入国家科技计划的项目，科技部专项计划部门应根据不同计划的性质，通过合同或计划任务书形式，确定项目各方的权利和义务。
第二十条 列入国家科技计划的项目实行统一编号，有关标准由科技部另行制定。
第二十一条 项目的合同或计划任务书的文本由科技部专项计划部门依据有关法律法规统一设计和印制，由项目承担者依据批准的项目可行性研究报告填写合同或计划任务书。经签约各方共同审核后，方可履行签订手续。
第二十二条 合同或计划任务书应包括以下内容：
（一）项目编号、项目名称和项目密级；
（二）合同甲方或计划任务下达部门；
（三）合同乙方或计划任务承担单位（人）和任务责任人；
（四）立项背景与意义；
（五）主要任务、关键技术；
（六）验收考核指标；
（七）实施方案、技术路线与年度计划进度；
（八）经费预算和用途；
（九）承担单位的保障条件与经费配套；
（十）科技成果及其知识产权的归属和管理；
（十一）涉密项目的科技保密义务；
（十二）争议解决方法。
第二十三条 根据国家科技计划的不同性质和目标，合同或计划任务书可增加有关科技行政管理部门作为第三方，第三方有保证任务完成的责任和监督项目实施的权力。
第二十四条 对于执行结果可测的项目，合同中的研究和考核指标，必须量化；对于执行结果不可测项目，合同中的研究和考核指标，必须有准确含义的定性说明。
第二十五条 对项目执行中的有关国拨经费、条件保障和经费配套条款，必须明确签约各方的责任，并明确出现一方违约时，其他方应有的权力。
第二十六条 合同或计划任务书由科技部专项计划部门核准后方能生效。
第二十七条 对国务院交办或科技部决定所需紧急立项任务，可按各类国家科技计划管理办法所规定的紧急立项程序条款进行立项。
第三章 项目实施管理
第二十八条 国家科技计划一般按项目、课题两级管理，不设课题的可按项目进行管理。
第二十九条 科技部专项计划部门和授权或委托的项目组织实施管理机构负责项目的实施和管理。
第三十条 科技部专项计划部门在项目管理中的基本职责是：
（一）确定项目组织实施的管理机构和管理模式；
（二）审聘项目专家咨询委员会；
（三）审查项目年度执行报告、项目完成后的总结报告和项目经费的预、决算；
（四）组织或委托其他组织或机构进行项目的中期检查或评估；
（五）组织协调并处理项目执行中需要协调、处理的问题。
第三十一条 受科技部专项计划部门授权或委托，项目组织实施管理机构对项目目标的实现、项目任务的完成、关键技术的突破及涉密项目的科技保密等，承担组织实施的责任。
项目组织实施管理机构的基本职责是：
（一）匹配项目约定支付的科技经费；
（二）定期报告项目年度执行情况和年度经费决算，协同科技部专项计划部门进行项目执行情况的检查或评估，协调项目的实施，进行技术保密的实施管理；
（三）实施项目的统计调查，督促项目科技成果完成单位办理科技成果登记手续；
（四）向科技部专项计划部门报告项目实施中难以协调的问题。
第三十二条 项目承担者的基本职责是：
（一）严格执行合同或计划任务书，完成项目目标任务；
（二）真实报告项目年度完成情况和经费年度决算；
（三）接受科技部专项计划部门和项目组织实施管理机构对项目执行情况的监督检查；
（四）接受并配合科技部委托的有关中介机构所进行的中期评估或验收评估，准确提供相关数据和资料；
（五）及时报告项目执行中出现的重大事项；
（六）填报由科技部制发的科技计划统计调查表和科技成果登记表；
（七）报告项目执行中知识产权管理情况和提出知识产权保护的建议。
第三十三条 项目实施中必须建立年度执行情况报告制度，如遇目标调整、内容更改、项目负责人变更、关键技术方案的变更、不可抗拒的因素等对项目执行产生重大影响的情况必须及时报告。
项目承担者必须在每年1月中旬提交项目上年度执行情况，经项目组织实施管理机构审核汇总后，于2月中旬报科技部综合计划部门和专项计划部门。
第三十四条 项目实施时限一般为三年，并可以逐年滚动立项，超过三年的项目，应进行中期检查或中期评估。项目执行中因人为因素致使项目难以实施或在预定时间内不能完成合同，科技部专项计划部门可以采取警告、通报批评，并视情况直至取消合同任务的处罚。
第三十五条 各类国家科技计划必须建立相互兼容的数据库，实现信息、数据资源共享。统计、调查和成果登记的科技指标应有一致的概念和内涵，指标及数据具有可比性。
第四章 项目验收
第三十六条 各类国家科技计划可根据计划自身的特点，制定专门的验收管理办法。
第三十七条 项目验收的组织工作，由科技部专项计划部门委托项目组织实施管理机构组织进行。
对跨行业（部门）、跨省市的重大项目验收，应由科技部专项计划部门负责主持。
第三十八条 项目验收以批准的项目可行性报告、合同文本或计划任务书约定的内容和确定的考核目标为基本依据，对项目产生的科技成果水平、应用效果和对经济社会的影响、实施的技术路线、攻克关键技术的方案和效果、知识产权的形成和管理、项目实施的组织管理经验和教训、
科技人才的培养和队伍的成长、经费使用的合理性等应作出客观的、实事求是的评价。
第三十九条 项目验收程序，一般应符合下列要求：
（一）项目验收工作需在合同完成后半年内完成；
（二）项目的承担者，在完成技术、研发总结基础上，向项目组织实施管理机构提出验收申请并提交有关验收资料及数据；
（三）项目组织实施管理机构审查全部验收资料及有关证明，合格的向科技部专项计划部门提出项目验收申请报告；
（四）科技部专项计划部门批复验收申请，并委托项目组织实施管理机构组织验收，验收一般应委托有关社会中介服务机构对研究开发成果完成客观评价或鉴定后进行；
（五）科技部专项计划部门负责批准项目的验收结果。
第四十条 项目承担者申请验收时应提供以下验收文件、资料，以及一定形式的成果（样机、样品等），供验收组织或评估机构审查：
（一）项目合同书或项目计划任务书；
（二）科技部专项计划部门对项目的批件或有关批复文件；
（三）项目验收申请表；
（四）科技成果鉴定报告；
（五）项目研发工作总结报告；
（六）项目研发技术报告；
（七）项目所获成果、专利一览表（含成果登记号、专利申请号、专利号等）；
（八）研制样机、样品的图片及数据；
（九）有关产品测试报告或检测报告及用户使用报告；
（十）建设的中试线、试验基地、示范点一览表、图片及数据；
（十一）购置的仪器、设备等固定资产清单；
（十二）项目经费的决算表；
（十三）项目验收信息汇总表。
第四十一条 项目组织实施管理机构在组织项目验收时，可临时组织项目验收小组，有关专家成员由项目组织实施管理机构提出并经科技部专项计划部门批准后聘任。项目验收小组应由熟悉了解专业技术、经济和企业管理等方面专家组成，专家人数一般不少于11人。
验收小组的全体成员应认真阅读项目验收全部资料，必要时，应进行现场实地考察，收集听取相关方面的意见，核实或复测相关数据，独立、负责任地提出验收意见和验收结论。
第四十二条 参与项目验收工作的评估机构，应遵照《科技评估管理暂行办法》有关规定执行。
第四十三条 项目验收方式和验收活动安排，应在验收工作开始前15日由组织验收部门通知被验收者。被验收者应对验收报告、资料、数据及结论的真实性、可靠性负责。验收小组／评估机构，应对验收结论或评价的准确性负责，应维护验收项目的知识产权和保守其技术秘密。
第四十四条 项目组织实施管理机构根据验收小组／评估机构的验收意见，提出“通过验收”或“需要复议”或“不通过验收”的结论建议，由科技部专项计划部门审定后以文件正式下达。
被验收项目存在下列情况之一者，不能通过验收：
（一）完成合同或计划任务书任务不到85％；
（二）预定成果未能实现或成果已无科学或实用价值；
（三）提供的验收文件、资料、数据不真实；
（四）擅自修改对合同或计划任务书考核目标、内容、技术路线；
（五）超过合同或计划任务书规定期限半年以上未完成任务，事先未作说明。
第四十五条 需要复议的验收项目，应在接到通知30日内提出复议申请。
未通过验收的项目，承担者接到通知半年之内，经整改完善有关项目计划及文件资料后，可再次提出验收申请。如再次未通过验收，项目承担者三年内不得再承担国家科技计划项目。
第四十六条 除科技部事先合同约定科技成果归国家所有外，项目所产生科技成果的知识产权归科技成果完成者所有，具体办法另行规定。
第四十七条 项目产生科技成果后，应当按照科学技术保密、科技成果登记、知识产权保护、技术合同认定登记、科学技术奖励等有关规定和办法执行。
第五章 专家咨询
第四十八条 充分发挥专家咨询参谋作用，提高项目管理工作的科学性、公正性及社会参与程度，项目管理应当引入专家咨询机制。
第四十九条 国家科技计划在项目的可行性论证、立项审查、招标投标、评估、中期检查、项目验收等环节可以组织专家咨询活动。专家咨询意见应作为科技管理与决策的参考依据。
第五十条 科技部专项计划部门应根据各类国家科技计划特点确定咨询专家条件、构成，咨询专家应具备的基本条件是：
（一）具有良好的科学道德和职业道德，能够客观、公正、实事求是地提出咨询意见；
（二）熟悉咨询项目所在领域或行业的科技经济发展状况，了解科技活动的特点与规律，在本领域或行业内具有较高的权威性。
咨询专家的群体组成应具有代表性和互补性。人数、年龄和知识构成应具有相对合理性。专家群体应熟悉相关领域或行业的发展状况，掌握技术、经济、市场、产业政策等方面情况，并具有一定综合分析判断能力。
第五十一条 以下人员不宜作为咨询专家选聘：
（一）与咨询对象有利益关系的人员；
（二）咨询对象因正当理由而事先正式书面申请希望回避的人员；
（三）在以往咨询活动中有不良记录的人员。
第五十二条 科技部专项计划部门、项目组织实施管理机构应在聘请专家时向专家阐明咨询的目的、咨询的工作原则、咨询专家的职责与权利，明确咨询的任务与要求。专家同意后，方可聘为咨询专家，正式参与咨询活动。
第五十三条 科技部专项计划部门、项目组织实施管理机构应向咨询专家提供与咨询工作相关的资料、信息和数据，提供必要的工作条件和费用，对有关咨询内容和项目背景作必要的介绍与说明，还应当对咨询专家的具体意见负有保密责任。
第五十四条 科技部专项计划部门、项目组织实施管理机构不得向咨询专家施加倾向性影响，不得故意引导专家的咨询意见。不得伪造、修改咨询专家意见。不得向咨询对象及与计划管理决策无关的任何单位或个人扩散咨询专家和咨询意见。采用咨询专家意见后的决策行为，其责任由
决策者承担。
第五十五条 咨询专家在为项目进行咨询的过程中，必须遵守以下规范：
（一）应坚持实事求是的原则，独立、客观、公正地提供个人负责任的意见，不受任何影响公正性因素的干扰，应按照管理者的要求按时按质地完成咨询任务；
（二）应维护咨询对象的知识产权和技术秘密，应妥善保存咨询材料并在咨询活动结束后按要求将其全部退还管理者，不得复制与咨询有关的材料，不得向管理者以外的单位或个人扩散咨询有关情况；
（三）当咨询事项与专家有利益关系时，必须主动向管理者申明并回避；
（四）在咨询期间，未经组织者允许，咨询专家个人不得就咨询事项与咨询对象及相关人员进行接触。更不得以各种方式收取咨询对象的报酬和费用。
第五十六条 在咨询活动中若咨询专家存在违规行为，科技部专项计划部门可视情节轻重，采取记录其信誉度、专家意见无效直至公开取消专家咨询资格等方式处理；触犯法律的，由司法部门依法追究法律责任。
第五十七条 科技部专项计划部门应对专家咨询活动的重要内容进行记录存档，其主要内容包括咨询任务、内容、方式、程序、咨询专家意见使用方法和规则、咨询专家名单、咨询专家个人意见、综合分析结论、组织咨询活动的机构和人员、以及其他需要特别说明的事项等。
第五十八条 必要时，科技部有关专项计划、综合计划部门可根据实际需要建立咨询专家动态数据库。根据咨询任务的需要，聘任若干较为稳定的咨询专家群体参与项目管理全过程的活动，以增强咨询专家的责任和提高咨询工作质量。
第六章 附则
第五十九条 科技部专项计划部门可依据本办法，结合计划管理的实际需要对各类国家科技计划项目管理的基本程序做必要的补充，并报科技部综合计划部门备案。
第六十条 本办法自发布之日起施行。
2001年1月20日
